• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    use of non-calcined fireproof products as lining of large-volume industrial furnaces as well as industrial furnaces lined with non-calcined fireproof products. the invention relates to the use of non-calcined products, free from molded or non-press molded carbon vehicles, fireproof, containing fireproof binders and granulations of materials that at temperatures above 900 °C produce ceramic bonding for the production of stones from: magnesia chromite magnesia and spinel magnesia zirconia and magnesia zirconium magnesia hercinite and magnesia galaxites dolomite, dolomite-magnesia- and lime forsterite and olivine as a coating on the calcinatory side, to fireproof, of large volume industrial furnaces, operated with an oxidizing atmosphere for the production of cement, lime, magnesia and doloma in the form of pressed stones or unmolded masses, with the stones having a resistance to cold pressure above 20 mpa .
    公开号:BR112014007465B1
    申请号:R112014007465-8
    申请日:2013-11-26
    公开日:2021-08-24
    发明作者:Bernd Scheubel；Helge Jansen；Hans-Jürgen Klischat；Rolf-Dieter KIZIO；Holger Wirsing
    申请人:Refratechnik Holding Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The present invention relates to the use of refractory products, not calcined, in the form of pressed profiled bodies or as a putty or a plasticizable, i.e. plastic, crimping mass to produce a fire-refractory masonry - then also called lining or coating or application - in a large-scale, large-volume industrial kiln, in which cement, lime, magnesia or dolomite are calcined in an oxidizing or essentially oxidizing atmosphere. Furthermore, the invention relates to a large-volume industrial furnace resulting from this use. The expression "essentially oxidizing atmosphere" must mean that during the operation of an industrial kiln, the masonry is temporarily subjected predominantly to the oxidizing atmosphere and only partially to a neutral atmosphere.
    [0002] Cement, lime, magnesia or dolomite are calcined in rotary kilns or vat kilns in an oxidizing or essentially oxidizing atmosphere, whose coating normally consists of calcined refractory products.
    [0003] In European patent EP 1 599 697 A1 it is proposed to use non-calcined bricks of refractory material for lining industrial furnaces of large volume in the cement, lime, dolomite and magnesite industries, which in the surface area of the fire side of the Coating masonry has carbon vehicles in the form of graphite or soot and, in addition, carbon, resulting from carbon-containing binders. The bricks can consist of refractory materials differentiated in, among others, they can also have spinel in addition to MgO.
    [0004] Carbon vehicles, however, especially graphite, attribute to known bricks a high unwanted thermal conductivity so that measures need to be taken to protect the jacket of the always existing metal furnace. In addition, graphite makes the refractory product more expensive. In addition, graphite produces a smooth surface of the bricks which poses problems for people working in masonry when producing a kiln liner, in view of the danger of slipping. Furthermore, with a longer-lasting influence of an oxidizing atmosphere on the stone's carbon composition, despite the presence of antioxidants that should protect the carbon against oxidation, the binding effect of the structure, at relatively low temperatures, is already weakened. or even is lost, with which, the strengths of the structure of the bricks are considerably impaired.
    [0005] The AT 171428 B document informs about the use of non-calcined bricks consisting of acid material, refractory, among others, in rotary tubular cement kilns, which, as binders, have compositions of magnesia with carbonic acid following a treatment with CO2.
    [0006] Currently, large volume industrial kilns for the production of cement, lime, magnesia and dolomite are coated with calcined products based on MgO and/or CaO in the form of calcined bricks. These calcined bricks are:
    [0007] Magnesia chromite bricks
    [0008] Magnesia and spinel spinel bricks
    [0009] Magnesia zirconia bricks and magnesia zirconia bricks
    [00010] Magnesia hercinite bricks and magnesia galaxite bricks
    [00011] Dolomite and dolomite-magnesia bricks
    [00012] Forsterite and olivine bricks
    [00013] Magnesia forsterite bricks
    [00014] Magnesia pleonastic bricks
    [00015] Magnesia Stone (Gerald Routschka, Hartmut Wuthnow: Pocketbook on Refractory Materials, 4th Edition, 2007, Vulkan Publishing, pages 171 to 185 and 197 to 235).
    [00016] In the special field of fire-refractory products, a differentiation is made between magnesia spinel bricks, according to their classification, presenting at least 40% by mass of MgO, compared to spinel bricks that contain more than 20% by mass and less than 40% by mass of MgO. As raw materials serve as sintered spinel and fusion spinel.
    [00017] Are part of the group of spinel in the context of the use according to the invention, also the mineralogical compositions of hercinite galaxite, pleonasti.
    [00018] Generally, refractory bricks that are constituted of granulations of fire-refractory materials, require a bond to the granulation grains in order to preserve shape strength of the bricks. At room temperature, for the profiling of fire-resistant basic bricks, for example, on the basis of MgO for the jealousy industry, an organic alloy, for example, of lignin sulphonate or an acidic solution of starch or also resin is normally used. synthetic.
    [00019] After profiling by pressing, the pressed stone has a stable shape, and can be manipulated and applied in kiln trucks. This is followed by drying to remove liquid water and then calcining. In this calcination, which occurs in an oxidative manner, the organic binder is burned. Binder residues can be proven at most up to temperatures of around 1000 °C, however, binding strength is lost at around 400 °C. Therefore, there is also talk of a temporary binder, that is, a temporary alloy. The strength of the stone is still sufficient for it to be enclosed through the calcination process. The ceramic sintering that gives calcined stone its strength for use in lining an industrial kiln, however, starts - according to the fire-refractory material - at about 900 °C, the sintering speed will then increase with temperature and it will also be influenced by the duration of calcination. After calcination, a complete ceramic alloy is obtained throughout the entire brick structure based on sintering, organic portions in the alloy are no longer found because the carbon has been completely calcined.
    [00020] The products currently known and used, calcined or refractory, as mentioned above, have the disadvantage that their production is very complex because after pressing a calcination process will have to be carried out. In addition to the fact that this calcination process requires a lot of energy, a variety of failures can occur, ie so-called calcination failures. In this context, it should be mentioned, for example, cracks, fusions, drips and deformations. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of the temperature distribution in the calcination kiln, naturally present, results in different properties of the bricks, also, when the composition of the green bricks before calcination is always identical. Thus, unwanted fluctuations can occur in the properties of bricks, for example, strength, porosity and elasticity. In addition, the preservation of measures from one stone to another stone can be sufficiently guaranteed, because due to differentiated contraction there is a change in the shape of the bricks during the calcination process.
    [00021] It is the purpose of the invention especially to avoid to the greatest extent possible the disadvantages of known fire-refractory products, based on MgO and/or CaO, calcined and non-calcined, containing graphite, and to produce fire-refractory products, free from graphite , with correspondingly lower thermal conductivity and with reduced effort, whose preservation of stone-to-stone measurement can be guaranteed and which guarantee sufficient structural strength for a fire resistant product in situ, that is, during the calcination operation of an industrial kiln, warranty is provided regardless of temperature.
    [00022] According to an embodiment of the invention, non-calcined bricks are used from granulations of a refractory material or a mixture of at least two refractory materials that have hitherto been used for the above-mentioned calcined bricks, and from then onwards, made pressing of bricks. According to another embodiment of the invention, moreover, the so-called unmolded fire-refractory masses are produced from the granulations and areas of the furnace wall are coated with this mass.
    [00023] The refractory starting materials for the aforementioned refractory products, known and calcined, are already known to the expert. Furthermore, they are described in the above mentioned manual. More detailed indications on certain compositions of the non-calcined products according to the invention are not necessary in the context of the invention because the manufacturers for their fire-refractory products use their own specific and specific recipes and granulations. More precise indications are also not decisive for the result in the context of the present invention because they are not specific recipes, however, the alteration according to the invention of the recipes regarding binders and pressing subjection, as well as, if necessary, a treatment temperature after pressing.
    [00024] Non-calcined and fire-refractory materials or mixtures of materials, for the aforementioned calcined bricks, according to current knowledge, are not suitable for producing bricks from these materials, under conventional pressing conditions, with respect to the pressure of pressing and the type of pressing device that can be used in an uncalcined state in relation to the strength and reactions of the structural components in situ in the calcination of cement, lime, magnesia or dolomite, for the coating of the aforementioned industrial kilns and that guarantee the same refractory properties and other resistance properties such as their calcined refractory products. This is due to a part in production measures not adjusted in controlled ways, as especially, the regulation of adequate pressing pressures, to be determined empirically, adequate drying and adequate tempering. On the other hand, this is also especially due to the fact that the granulations do not present a synchronized combination according to the invention covering several types of temperature-dependent binders, a combination with which, with at least one first temporary binder, since after drying and/or normal tempering, after pressing in the temperature range between 90 and 400 °C, especially between 150 and 300 °C, sufficient strength is guaranteed for malleability and assembly in a coating of exceptional strength and in which by at least one second temporary binder is provided to ensure sufficient strength in situ in the temperature range between 300 and 1000°C, especially between 400 and 900°C. At even higher temperature ranges, the grains of the refractory materials have their ceramic bonding predetermined according to the material.
    [00025] The products according to the invention, not calcined and refractory, need in situ to be resistant from their inner side of the furnace to their side of the furnace jacket to a considerable temperature drop, existing in their volume, in terms of long-term resistance capacity, ie without prejudice, situated between high temperatures between the inner side of the furnace lining, for example 1,500 °C, and the outer side of the lining situated almost in the ambient temperature range.
    [00026] Calcined bricks, due to calcination, have an integral ceramic bond that in this sense does not pose problems in situ.
    [00027] In the case of ceramic calcination of fire-refractory material granulations for calcined bricks, which is carried out in a ceramic calcination furnace, a characteristic fire-refractory structure is normally formed from approximately 900 °C as ceramic bonding. , for example, through sintering, transformations, solid state reactions, recrystallizations, formation of fusion phases, as well as separation and elimination processes. The uncalcined bricks according to the invention, produced with a first temporary binder, produce, in turn, in a superficial zone of the calcination side, in situ, that is, in the industrial kiln lit, at least through a second stage of Temporary intermediate bond, ultimately also a ceramic bond and a structure that is generally identical to that of calcined bricks, however, is not always identical because in addition to temperature and time (thermal energy) the kiln atmosphere and components of the raw materials for the production of cement, lime, magnesia and dolomite, which come into contact with the bricks, act in situ on the minerals of the fire-refractory materials from a superficial zone of the calcination side of the non-calcined bricks.
    [00028] It was surprisingly demonstrated that the influence of these parameters of industrial furnaces in situ, in conjunction with a combination of binders according to the invention, essentially contributes to improve the properties of refractory products, not calcined, used according to the invention, compared to the comparatively calcined and refractory material products. Apparently, these parameters influence - especially the partial pressure of oxygen - the mineral structure that already forms in situ of the ceramic bond in the surface zone in such a way that, for example, conditioned mineralogical changes do not occur in the volume of bricks that could lead in a destruction of the bricks.
    [00029] With the invention, uncalcined bricks are made available in the format of conventional bricks (manual, page 30, 31) which in situ present sufficient masonry preserving resistance, regardless of the temperature level and temperature drop in which they are exposed. As bricks, for example, in a cement kiln are typically subjected to a drop in temperature (warm side, about 1,450 °C; cold side, about 300 °C), their connection is adjusted in such a way that the any occasion sufficient strength is available in the designated stone. On the hot side, which is normally exposed to temperatures of > 1,200 °C, and which presents such temperatures in a zone on the hot side with a thickness, for example, of up to 5 cm, it is verified during the use of a sintering, of so that at that point a ceramic bond is formed in situ. In a cold side zone, for example, with temperatures of < 400 °C, and which may have a thickness - calculated from the base of the stone - for example, of up to 5 cm, the above-described temporary organic bonding of the first binder offers its contribution for resistance, therefore, at that point according to the invention, is not temporary but permanent. With this, a central zone of the rock, located in an intermediate position, would fall into a so-called "resistance hole" because the temporary organic bond of the first binder is no longer present and a sintering cannot yet take place when, according to the present invention, the second temporary binder was not present.
    [00030] According to the invention, the following non-calcined, graphite-free products are especially used, having at least one first temporary binding means and at least one second temporary binding means, especially in the form of modeling bricks uncalcined and pressed in mold: Chromite of Magnesia Spinel of MagnesiaSpinel Zircon of Magnesia Magnesia Zirconium Magnesia Hercinite Magnesia GalaxiteDolomite-, Dolomite-Magnesia Calcium ForsteriteOlivine Magnesia ForsteriteMagnesia Pleonast
    [00031] As already mentioned above, the generally known recipes can be used for the products of each manufacturer can be based on their own recipes so that for the feasibility of the invention it is not necessary to make more precise indications in relation to the recipes .
    [00032] It is essential that bricks from the recipes are produced by pressing, presenting pressure resistances above 20 MPa, preferably between 30 and 130 MPa, especially between 40 and 120 MPa, and most preferably between 50 and 100 MPa, preferably according to a heat treatment after pressing and the resulting solidification through a temporary bonding of a first binder.
    [00033] The indicated strengths are obtained, for example, through the following measures - separately or in combination: a) Grain Distribution of Material Granulations
    [00034] A grain distribution according to Fuller, Furnas or Litzow is preferably aimed at. To increase the resistance to temperature change, a known mixing gap can also be foreseen. b1) Press Profiling for Bricks
    [00035] Preferably, hydraulic presses or spindle presses or blow presses or knee lever presses or vacuum presses or isostatic pressing or also vibration compaction machines will be used, with compression pressures being used, for example, between 50 and 250, especially between 80 and 200 MPa.b2) Mixing concentration using undeformed masses, for example, through compaction vibration and agitation.c) Temperature treatmentc1) Drying
    [00036] Binding material mixtures normally have a liquid content, for example, of the binders and/or a water content that through drying, especially, between 90 and 400 °C, for example, after pressing or after introduction of the bricks in the industrial kiln or after the assembly of the unmolded mass, in an industrial kiln, before the calcination action, they are preferably totally removed or, except for a residue below 0.8, especially, below 0.5% by weight, are removed. Depending on usage, this may contain adhering moisture and eventually chemically bonded crystalline water.c2) Quenching
    [00037] Provided that the mixture of binding material presents corresponding temporary binders that only by tempering present their binding material properties, in temper ranges below 1,000 °, especially between 200 and 800 °C, before the use of bricks or after Formation of a coating is performed by quenching in undeformed masses. d) Binder
    [00038] At least a first temporary binder is used that guarantees the maintenance of sufficient strength of the uncalcined bricks for their maneuverability at room temperature after the temperature treatment and up to, for example, 500 °C, in the global stone, by the less, until the onset of the binding effect of a second temporary binder in situ at higher temperatures, for example, in the temperature range between 300 and 1000 °C. The second temporary binder guarantees sufficient strength until the beginning of a ceramic alloy that is normally present at 900 °C. It is plausible that the temperature ranges, relative to the final binding effect of the first temporary binder, intersect with the temperature ranges of the second temporary binder, as well as the temperature range of the second temporary binder with the beginning of the ceramic alloy, respectively. perform an intersection. The expression "temporary" means that the binding of the ligand is lost at higher temperatures, for example, above 400 °C for the first ligand, and for the second ligand it may be lost, for example, above 900 ° C, especially above 1000 °C, ie in the initial stage of ceramic bonding.
    [00039] With conventional grain distributions and with binder combinations according to the invention, the material mixtures of the binder mixture can be used not only as formed bricks, but also as rammed or agitating or driving masses or vibrating masses in industrial furnaces of large volume, mentioned, and the resistance of the masses corresponds to the resistance of molded bricks after the influence of temperatures of the temperature treatment, which can be achieved especially also by the measures according to a), b2 ), d), as well as c1) and/or c2) on site.
    [00040] As the first temporary binder, according to the invention, at least one binder from the following group will be used:
    [00041] Lignin sulphonate, synthetic resin, tar, pitch, new lacquer, dextrin, common organic acids (eg citric acid, malic acid, acetic acid), polyvinyl alcohol, gum arabic, saccharin preparations, as well as their mixtures, especially also with phosphoric acid and/or phosphates
    [00042] and, especially, at least one ligand from the following group:
    [00043] Lignin sulphonate, synthetic resin, especially also mixtures of phosphoric acid and/or phosphates
    [00044] and especially from the following group:
    [00045] lignin sulphonate, synthetic resin, especially also mixtures with phosphoric acid and/or phosphates.
    [00046] a linker from the following group:
    [00047] Al, Mg, Si, Fe metal powders and their alloys, SiC, B4C, SiβN4, AIN, BN, Sialone, fine-grained mineral materials, eg MgO, spinel, alumina, zirconium oxide, dioxide of zirconium, silicon dioxide, especially microsilica, calcium aluminates, aluminum silicates and clays, compositions containing iron, especially compositions containing iron oxide, eg magnetite, hematite, goethite, limonite, siderite,
    [00048] being specially used, at least one ligand from the following group:
    [00049] AI, Mg, Si, Fe, fine-grained mineral materials, eg spinel, clay, zirconium oxide, compositions with iron content, eg magnetite, hematite,
    [00050] and especially from the following group:
    [00051] Al, Fe, mineral materials such as clay, oxide zirconium oxide, compositions containing iron, for example magnetite, hematite.
    [00052] The first temporary binder is generally used in liquid form, as well as as a powder additive and then with a fineness of < 150 μm, especially < 90 μm and especially in amounts between 0.5 and 8% in weight, especially between 1 and 4% by weight, referred to dry granulations of the refractory materials.
    [00053] The second temporary binder will be used with a fineness of < 150 µm, especially < 90 µm and especially in amounts between 0.5 and 15% by weight, especially between 1 and 10% by weight, preferred dry granulations of materials fire refractories.
    [00054] As bricks for the large volume industrial kiln no longer need to be calcined, the properties of the bricks are essentially more homogeneous. The strength of these products, during long-term use, is situated partially at a higher level than that of calcined products. The disadvantages of calcined bricks can be avoided. A significant observance of measurements can be guaranteed because calcination failures are avoided, as a result of which the assembly of the bricks is significantly facilitated. Furthermore, by using uncalcined bricks and moldable materials, there is considerable energy savings.
    [00055] The applicability according to the invention of selected products, uncalcined, refractory, molded and unmolded, can also be transferred to the other types of bricks that are commonly used in certain zones of the mentioned large volume industrial kilns, consisting of , for example, in refractory clay or SiC + andalusite or SiC + kaolin or bauxite or bauxite + SiC or andalusite or mullite or mullite + SiC.
    [00056] To quantify the bonds of scaled ligands depending on temperature, for example, magnesia spinel bricks are produced. Magnesia and spinel based blends that follow a Fuller grain size distribution are blended with the first temporary organic lignin sulfate binder and a second temporary binder in the form of powder metals and phosphate binders and this mixture is pressed into brick form with a pressing pressure of 130 MPa and the dimensions of a B622 cement kiln stone (according to WE 9 information, Verein Deutscher Zementwerke, Dusseldorf, Mai 1966). Then, these bricks will be calcined at different temperatures, that is, at 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1400 °C. After cooling, the cold bending strength (KBF) will be determined according to DIN EN 993-6 of 04/1995 as a measure for the connection of the structure. When a sufficient bond is not present, the cold bending strength < 1 MPa, ie the stone will break more quickly and is not suitable for use. When, on the contrary, an alloy is produced that meets the requirements, for example, in a rotary cement kiln, then a resistance will result that should be located in the order of dimension of the cold bending strength of calcined bricks, that is, on examination > 4 MPa at all temperatures.
    [00057] The cold pressure resistance (KDF) according to DIN EN 993-5 of 12/1998 follows a similar trend, and this dimension describes with less precision the connection in the structure.
    [00058] The following table shows the properties of the bricks. Magnesia sinter 84 81 79 79 % by weight Spinel 16 16 16 16 % by weightMagnetite - - - 5 % by weightIron powder - 3 3 - % by weightNa phosphate - - 2 - % by weight Lignin sulphate 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 % by weight Density 3.08 3.05 3.08 3.06 g/cm3 KBF 20 °C 10.33 10.14 9.83 9, 74 MPaKBF 400 °C 3.41 5.22 15.21 6.04 MPaKBF 600 °C 1.74 4.42 10.68 4.08 MPaKBF 800 °C 0.89 4.59 4.74 6.83 MPaKBF 1000 °C 1.78 5.28 5.35 7.13 MPaKBF 1400 °C 5.28 5.77 5.83 4.65 MPaKDF 20 °C 91.10 89.13 112.30 115.25 MPaKDF 400 ° C 47.30 96.55 78.50 135.15 MPaKDF 600 °C 20.45 57.75 55.50 110.30 MPaKDF 800 °C 7.75 54.70 52.40 74.40 MPaKDF 1000 °C 15 .25 75.05 78.12 83.50 MPaKDF 1400 °C 70.65 97.31 81.17 73.77 MPa
    [00059] In the same way as the values of the table produced according to figure 1, the table above clearly shows the positive effect of the addition of iron powder (replacing Al, Mg, Si, Fe and their alloys) according to which they can be The strengths (column 2) increased significantly compared to bricks bonded with lignin sulphate alone after the temperature treatment (column 1). The same effect is achieved by adding fine-grained mineral materials < 150 μm, preferably < 90 μm, here represented by magnetite, with which the strengths (column 4) can be significantly increased compared to bricks bonded only with sulphonate of lignin, after the temperature treatment (column 1) when the increase can be made. The addition of sodium phosphate increases the strengths additionally (column 3).
    [00060] While bricks bonded only with lignin sulphonate have important weaknesses in the temperature range between 400
    权利要求:
    Claims (23)
    [0001]
    1. Use of non-calcined refractory bricks, free from graphite, formed by pressing, containing binder and granulations of one or more refractory materials, and which at temperatures above 900 °C performs a ceramic bond as a refractory lining on the calcining side, of large-volume industrial kilns, operated with an oxidizing or essentially oxidizing atmosphere, intended for the production of cement, lime, magnesia or dolomite, the bricks having a cold pressure resistance above 20 MPa and the bricks containing one or more first temporary binders that ensure sufficient binding of the granulation grains in a temperature range between room temperature and 500 °C, and the bricks are bricks of one of the following types of bricks, magnesia and spinel bricks, hercinite bricks of magnesia and magnesia galaxites, magnesia pleonastic bricks, characterized by the fact that the bricks contain one or more second temporary binders wires that guarantee a sufficient bonding of the granulation grains in the temperature range between 300°C and 1,000°C, a sufficient bonding is present if the bricks comprise a cold bending strength > 1 MPa according to DIN EN 993- 6 of 04/1995 after cooling at all temperatures up to 1400 °C, and as a second temporary binder one or more binders of the following group are contained, iron and its alloys, fine-grained mineral materials in the form of ferrous compounds, in quantities between 0,5 and 15% referring to the dry material, or to the dry mixture of refractory materials, with fineness of < 150 μm.
    [0002]
    2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the bricks have a resistance to cold pressure between 30 and 130 MPa.
    [0003]
    3. Use according to claim 2, characterized in that the bricks have a resistance to cold pressure between 40 and 120 MPa.
    [0004]
    4. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the refractory material, at temperatures above 1,000 °C, performs a ceramic bond.
    [0005]
    5. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first temporary binder ensures sufficient binding of the granulation grains in a temperature range between room temperature and 400 °C.
    [0006]
    6. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the second temporary binder ensures sufficient binding of the granulation grains in the temperature range between 400°C and 900°C.
    [0007]
    7. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that ferrous compounds are compounds containing iron oxide.
    [0008]
    8. Use according to claim 7, characterized in that the ferrous compounds are magnetite, hematite, goethite, limonite, siderite.
    [0009]
    9. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the second temporary binder is contained in quantities between 1 and 4% referred to the dry material, or to the dry mixture of refractory materials.
    [0010]
    10. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the second temporary binder is contained with fines of < 90 µm.
    [0011]
    11. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the granulations have a grain distribution according to Litzow, Fuller or Furnas.
    [0012]
    12. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the non-calcined refractory bricks have conventional brick formats, having been pressed with pressing pressures between 50 and 250.
    [0013]
    13. Use according to claim 12, characterized in that the bricks were pressed with pressing pressures between 80 and 200 MPa.
    [0014]
    14. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the refractory bricks not calcined before use are treated at temperatures between 90°C and 400°C, until the liquid content below 0.8 % by weight.
    [0015]
    15. Use according to claim 14, characterized in that the refractory bricks are treated before use at temperatures between 100°C and 350°C.
    [0016]
    16. Use according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the refractory bricks are treated to a liquid content below 0.5% by weight.
    [0017]
    17. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the refractory bricks are tempered in temperature ranges below 1,000°C before use or in situ.
    [0018]
    18. Use according to claim 17, characterized in that the refractory bricks are tempered in temperature ranges between 200°C and 800°C, before use or in situ.
    [0019]
    19. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the first temporary binder is used one or more binders selected from the group, lignin sulphonate, synthetic resin, tar, pitch, novolac, dextrin, organic acids, polyvinyl alcohol, gum arabic, saccharin preparations, as well as mixtures thereof.
    [0020]
    20. Use according to claim 19, characterized in that the first temporary binder is contained as a mixture with phosphoric acid and/or phosphates.
    [0021]
    21. Use according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the first temporary binder is contained as a liquid in amounts between 0.5 and 8% by weight, referred to the dry material or the dry mixture of refractory materials.
    [0022]
    22. Use according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the first temporary binder is contained as a powder additive with fineness of < 150 μm.
    [0023]
    23. Use according to claim 22, characterized in that the first temporary binder is contained as a powder additive with fineness of < 90 μm.
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    Nourbakhsh2001|Development of MgO refractories by using synthesized spinel for application in steel industries
    Ghose2013|Effect of Filler material replacement on the properties of high alumina conventional castables
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE202013011796U1|2014-06-26|
    CN104822637A|2015-08-05|
    MX370902B|2020-01-09|
    WO2014083016A1|2014-06-05|
    DE102012023318A1|2014-06-05|
    KR20150097380A|2015-08-26|
    RU2587194C2|2016-06-20|
    KR101832945B1|2018-02-28|
    DE202013011811U1|2014-07-29|
    BR112014007465A2|2017-04-04|
    RU2014116646A|2015-11-10|
    US20140261113A1|2014-09-18|
    PL2766322T3|2017-09-29|
    US9382161B2|2016-07-05|
    CN104822637B|2018-03-23|
    ES2623129T3|2017-07-10|
    EP2766322B1|2017-02-15|
    MX2014004903A|2014-09-08|
    CA2849376A1|2014-05-29|
    EP2766322A1|2014-08-20|
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    法律状态:
    2018-03-06| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2018-03-13| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2018-03-20| B06I| Publication of requirement cancelled [chapter 6.9 patent gazette]|Free format text: ANULADA A PUBLICACAO CODIGO 6.6.1 NA RPI NO 2462 DE 13/03/2018 POR TER SIDO INDEVIDA. |
    2019-09-03| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-12-08| B07A| Application suspended after technical examination (opinion) [chapter 7.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-04-13| B07A| Application suspended after technical examination (opinion) [chapter 7.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-07-06| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-08-24| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 26/11/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102012023318.3A|DE102012023318A1|2012-11-29|2012-11-29|Use of unfired refractory products as delivery of large volume industrial furnaces and industrial furnaces lined with unfired refractory products|
    DE102012023318.3|2012-11-29|
    PCT/EP2013/074785|WO2014083016A1|2012-11-29|2013-11-26|Use of unfired refractory products as a lining in large-volume industrial furnaces, as well as an industrial furnace lined with said unfired refractory products|
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